Strategy, Competency Model, and Learning Paths

Building AI Capabilities Within the Company

What AI skills do your employees need—and how can these be turned into training that makes a difference in their day-to-day work? The Institute for Digital Competence ( Haufe Akademie ) supports companies with digital learning content, AI-In-house training , and the AI Leadership Program. Combine foundational knowledge with practical expertise in your field and targeted leadership training. We’ll advise you on selecting the right training modules for your target groups and specific circumstances.

AI-modified
Getting Started

Where would you like to begin building AI expertise at the "
"?

Laying the Groundwork

Would you like to build a shared knowledge base? Start with the basics of AI, responsible use, and initial real-world examples. Be sure to consider who is actually using which AI systems.

Explore the Application in Greater Depth

Is your team already using AI, but the results are inconsistent? Identify which skills are missing for specific tasks. Combine hands-on experience with tools with expert review and feedback.

Developing Leadership Skills in a Targeted Manner

Should executives provide guidance and shape AI initiatives? Equip them with the skills to evaluate use cases, make responsible decisions, and foster collaboration between humans and AI.

What does "
" mean in terms of AI expertise within a company?

AI literacy means understanding artificial intelligence, applying it to appropriate tasks, critically evaluating the results, and considering the consequences of its use.‍

This includes knowledge, practical skills, and a thoughtful approach to opportunities and risks. A well-formulated prompt is one building block. Equally important are professional judgment, an understanding of data, and clear lines of responsibility.

For companies, the key question is: What AI skills do people need in their respective roles? A sales representative needs different areas of expertise than a data protection officer. Both need a foundation that aligns with their tasks and the systems they use.

Why take a systematic approach to building AI expertise within a company? In the 2026 Bitkom survey, 87 percent of companies using AI reported that they were tapping into AI’s potential only to a limited extent or not at all. This indicates a need for improvement.

AI training is also part of corporate development: In the KPMG CEO Outlook 2026, 74 percent of the 125 German CEOs surveyed stated that they are expanding continuing education and retraining programs. The survey included companies with annual revenue exceeding $500 million. For your planning, this means: Align training with changing job responsibilities and a specific application goal.

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5 Fields for Your Planning

The AI Competency Model

Our framework groups AI competencies into five areas. It helps you define learning objectives and identify gaps. Prioritize the related areas based on task, system, and responsibility.

Basic Understanding of AI

Employees understand what AI is capable of, how generative AI differs from rule-based software, for example, and where its limitations lie. They recognize that answers that sound plausible may still be incorrect.

‍Observable learning objective: For a given task, explain whether AI can be used effectively.

Applications & Human-AI Collaboration

Employees set goals, provide the appropriate context, and gradually improve results. They decide which tasks to delegate to AI and where human review remains necessary. In doing so, they combine their knowledge of the tools with their subject-matter expertise.

‍Observable learning objective: Complete an assigned task using AI and explain the steps taken.

Data Literacy and Critical Thinking

Employees assess data quality, verify statements against reliable sources, and identify uncertainties or potential biases. They distinguish between a suggestion and a sound basis for decision-making. If evidence is missing, they ask for clarification or consult subject matter experts.

‍Observable learning objective: Check an AI output for factual accuracy, completeness, and suitability.

Governance and Risk Management Competence

Employees are familiar with the internal rules of use and know which data and systems are authorized for their tasks. They identify data protection, security, and other risks and follow established approval or escalation procedures.

‍Observable learning objective: Identify invalid data entries in a real-world scenario and choose the correct course of action to resolve the issue.

Transformation and Leadership

Managers prioritize use cases, design workflows, and define how humans and AI will collaborate. They create learning opportunities and involve the relevant teams. Economic benefits, quality, and accountability are all factored into decision-making.

‍Observable learning objective: Define goals, responsibilities, and evaluation criteria for a specific use case.

Distinguishing Between Competency Levels and Roles

AI competencies vary depending on the area of responsibility: For example, employees may already be able to use AI confidently but still need a basic understanding of how to evaluate results. For learning planning purposes, we therefore distinguish between three competency levels. The classification is based on existing skills in the respective competency area—including for managers.

Understanding and Contextualizing

Explain key terms, identify opportunities and limitations, and justify a decision to use AI.

Apply and Check

Work independently on a task using a shared system, review the results, and identify limitations.

Shape and Empower

Develop procedures, ensure quality, and support others in using them responsibly.



Specialized technical roles require additional skills, such as those needed for model development, integration, or operations. You should plan for these areas of specialization separately. Not all employees need to be able to develop AI systems themselves.

Identifying AI Competency Needs and Skill Gaps

Start with the tasks for which your company wants to use AI. Describe the required skills and compare them with the current level of expertise.

This difference—the skill gap —determines the training needs. Use discussions, surveys, and collaborative testing of typical use cases. Invite employees to explore possibilities, ask questions, and share their experiences.

Objective and Work Assignment

Which outcome should be improved? Specify specific tasks as well as requirements regarding quality, time, and responsibility.

Roles and Target Audiences

Who uses, develops, or oversees AI? What specific tasks and decisions are associated with each role?

Tools, Versions, and Licenses

What systems and features are actually available? Check access rights, authorized use, and relevant differences between versions.

Risks and Rules

What data may be used? Which decisions require human review, approval, or technical or legal clarification?

Prior Knowledge and Skills

Combine self-assessments with testing specific use cases. Tool experience alone says little about how reliably someone evaluates results.

Learning Time and Learning Environment

What learning times, devices, and access options are available? Also, clarify who will provide guidance on practical application, feedback, and content updates.

AI Skills in the Workplace

Develop Role-Based AI Learning Paths

An AI learning path combines prerequisites, learning objectives, content, hands-on practice, and feedback in a logical sequence. Common foundational concepts can be combined with targeted in-depth exploration. The following examples illustrate a possible learning architecture; the scope and components are tailored to your needs. Providing space for experimentation and sharing “aha” moments fosters curiosity and makes progress tangible.

Common Ground

Basic understanding → Rules → First application → Checking the results

For employees with little experience with AI. After an introduction, they will work on a low-risk case using approved or synthetic data. Feedback will show whether they can identify limitations and verify results. Establish internal usage policies before the first use. A refresher session will be provided following any changes to systems or policies.

Possible components: e-learning modules from Content Collection; relevant compliance content.

Application in the Department

Assessment → Practical Application of Tools → Specialized Task → Feedback → Transfer

For teams with basic knowledge and specific use cases. Learners work on a typical task, compare their results with industry-standard quality criteria, and refine their approach. This is followed by a prearranged task in their day-to-day work. Feedback provided later highlights which skills should be further developed.

Possible components: AI-In-house training, AI Kit, and related e-learning courses.

Leadership and Change

Own Practice → Evaluate Use Cases → Organize Teamwork → Reflect on Projects

For leaders responsible for AI adoption and change management. They reflect on their own use of AI, prioritize use cases, and clarify responsibilities, collaboration, and time allocated for learning. As a concrete outcome, they develop an action plan for their department. Sharing initial experiences helps them adapt to new requirements.

Possible components: AI Leadership Program; supplemental in-house formats as needed.

What does this mean for individual roles?

The role name alone does not determine a learning path. The key factors are the task, prior knowledge, the systems used, and responsibilities. The following focus areas help with classification.

Employees Who Use AI

The focus is on the tasks that employees actually perform: entering appropriate data, verifying results, and following internal rules. By exploring a real-world case together, it becomes clear how they can identify and correct an erroneous draft. Additional content is tailored to the systems used and the consequences of potential errors.

Departments, such as HR and Sales

Combine AI best practices with the domain-specific quality standards of the field. In sales, this might involve validated customer communication; in HR, it might involve evaluating permissible use cases. Applications that involve personal data or have an impact on people require early domain-specific and legal assessment.

Leaders

Managers need hands-on experience with the technology and the ability to discuss its benefits, limitations, and risks with their team. They clarify responsibilities, support learning, and guide the implementation of new workflows. A suitable learning objective is a well-reasoned approach to an AI use case in their own area.

C-level

For company leadership, strategic priorities, investments, accountability, and business impact are the main focus. Training should support decision-making regarding use cases and framework conditions. The appropriate content and formats depend on the company’s strategy and existing knowledge; the suitability of the training offerings must be determined on a case-by-case basis.

Advocates and AI Champions

Multipliers support colleagues, gather experience, and communicate internal rules. To do this, they need not only practical expertise but also the ability to solicit feedback and facilitate communication. Their responsibilities and professional limits should be clear: they refer complex security or legal issues to the appropriate authorities.

IT, Data Protection, and Compliance

These roles require specific areas of focus corresponding to their areas of responsibility, such as data flows, access rights, system evaluation, or legal requirements. Joint case discussions with business units help develop practical rules. A general foundation of knowledge does not replace the necessary domain-specific expertise.

AI Skills in the Workplace

The Six Phases of the "
" AI Competency Development Program

This process describes the planning and further development of the training program. The phases may overlap. Rules and secure access must be clarified before practical testing begins. A pilot program for a future rollout does not replace measures that are already required for people who use AI today.

Clarify Objectives and Context

Select relevant work tasks and describe the desired benefits as well as the limitations of AI use. Clarify which systems, data, and rules apply.

Result: A shared mandate with prioritized use cases.

Leadership and stakeholders: Business units and executive management, supported by HR, IT, and relevant governance functions.

Assess Needs and Prior Knowledge

Identify learning objectives for each role and assess existing knowledge through discussions and jointly tested use cases. Prioritize knowledge gaps based on their importance to the task and the potential consequences of errors.

Result: An overview of training needs with clear learning objectives.

Leadership and participants: Human Resources Development in collaboration with subject matter experts.

Planning Learning Paths and Frameworks

Combine foundational knowledge, in-depth study, practical application, and feedback. Define learning time, approaches, and responsibilities. Align the delivery with your existing learning environment.

Result: An actionable learning plan with appropriate components.

Lead and participants: Human Resources Development, business units, and IT.

Test and evaluate

Test the planned learning path with a suitable group. Evaluate clarity, tool accessibility, and use cases. Use feedback and work results to adjust the content and workflow.

Result: A revised learning path and clarified prerequisites for the rollout.

Leadership and participants: Human Resources Development, along with a pilot group and subject matter experts.

Support the Rollout and Transfer

Provide the appropriate resources to the relevant roles. Agree on specific use cases and opportunities to share experiences. Managers should set aside time for learning; champions can provide support during implementation.

Result: Professional development with guided opportunities for practical application in everyday work.

Leadership and participants: Human Resources Development and managers; additional support staff as needed.

Review and Update the Impact

Evaluate competence, application, and results based on the agreed-upon criteria. Adjust learning paths as tools, tasks, or rules change. New employees receive an appropriate introduction.

Result: Updated learning paths and decisions regarding further actions.

Leadership and stakeholders: Human Resources Development and subject matter experts with IT and governance functions.

 
 
To scale effectively, you need reusable building blocks, clearly assigned sections, and people responsible for updates. Review content regularly and whenever specific changes are made. This way, your offerings grow in line with demand, rather than assigning more and more content to all employees.

A Comparison of Learning Formats

Which learning formats best suit your needs?

Choose the format based on learning objectives, the need for hands-on practice, and the circumstances. Self-directed learning may be suitable for establishing a common foundation; guided practice is helpful for complex tasks. Often, the most effective learning path results from a combination of both.

Format
Particularly appropriate
Prerequisite / Limit
E-learning
A shared foundation and opportunities for independent study for many Learners. Study time can be scheduled individually.
Access and the appropriate language must be ensured. Supplementary practical examples and feedback are often helpful for ensuring proper use.
Microlearning
Short learning prompts, targeted review, and support with a specific task.
Individual ideas need to be put into context. Complex learning objectives require additional practice and reflection.
In-House Training
Shared hands-on experience with tools, technical use cases, and direct discussion within a group.
Requires tailored case studies, approaches, and learning times. The group composition should be appropriate for the students' prior knowledge.
Blended Learning / Learning Journey
A combination of self-directed learning, guided practice, and application over an extended period of time.
The building blocks must build on one another. Organization, feedback, and support require clear lines of responsibility.

Clarify Tool Suitability and the Learning Environment

Before training, check which features are included in the available versions and licenses. It should be possible to test the tools in practice using approved tools and appropriate data. Also, clarify the devices, access, and deployment in your learning environment. Our digital learning content can generally be integrated into your existing LMS . Even without your own LMS , e-learning courses are available through the Haufe Akademie learning environment. We’ll tailor the delivery method to the course offerings and your learning environment.

Tailor AI-In-house training s to your context →

AI Skills for Executives and C-Level Leaders

Executives shape how AI is used within the company. They provide guidance, clarify responsibilities, and help decide which tasks will change. To do this, they need their own experience with AI and the ability to assess outcomes and risks. Their training should address specific leadership situations: What can the team try out? Who reviews the results? How do we deal with uncertainty?

  • Reflect on your own practice: Identify your strengths, limitations, and potential mistakes.

  • Shaping Collaboration: Clarifying Roles and Personal Responsibility.

  • Evaluating Use Cases: Considering Benefits, Quality, and Risks Together.

  • Facilitating Learning: Embedding Time, Feedback, and Collaboration Within the Team.

For C-level executives, strategic priorities, resources, and company-wide responsibility come into play. A meaningful learning objective is making an informed decision about which AI initiatives to pursue and under what conditions. The appropriate training depends on your current situation.

The AI Leadership Program from the Haufe Akademie addresses AI as a leadership task. Its six areas of expertise and combinable modules support development tailored to the target audience and corporate context.

Executives discuss the results of their AI Leadership Program

AI Literacy, the EU AI Act, and the Responsible Use of AI

AI literacy refers to competence in AI, defined as the ability to use AI knowledgeably and to understand its opportunities and risks. According to the Federal Network Agency’s current guidelines, providers and operators must take measures to support the development of AI literacy among relevant individuals. Article 4 takes into account prior knowledge, systems, and the context of use.

Legal Framework

This applies to employees and other individuals who operate or use AI on behalf of the organization. Article 4 does not prescribe a standardized training format, external certifications, or a guaranteed individual competency level. Additional requirements may apply to certain AI systems; please review these as appropriate for the specific use case.

Implementation in the company

Identify approved systems, data, responsibilities, and verification steps. Use appropriate real-world examples to explore how risks can be identified and appropriately addressed. The Federal Network Agency recommends documenting these measures. To do so, clearly document the content, scope, and target audiences, and review whether adjustments are needed in the event of changes.

Ensuring Learning Transfer and Acceptance of AI in Everyday Life

Simply completing a training program does not guarantee a reliable routine. Competence develops through trial and error, feedback, and repeated practice. To facilitate this, create conditions that are appropriate for the tasks and risks involved. Also, make it clear which decisions are still made by people.

Supervised Clinical Practice Opportunities

Give employees the opportunity to experiment with AI using approved cases and data. Agree on quality standards before incorporating the results into actual processes.

Realistic study time

In addition to the training program, be sure to set aside time for practical application and feedback. Managers should make this time available as part of the daily work routine.

Professional and Peer Feedback

Discuss results and setbacks. Subject matter experts assist with quality assurance; peer-to-peer exchanges help the team identify helpful approaches.

Leadership and Clear Scope for Action

Explain the goals, boundaries, and responsibilities. Address questions and concerns. Acceptance comes more easily when employees can help shape the benefits and outcomes.

Four Levels for Assessing Competency Development

Measuring the Success and Business Impact of Competency Development

Before you begin, define what you want to change and how you will measure progress. Distinguish between reach, capability, implementation, and business impact. Collect only the necessary data and coordinate the analysis with the relevant departments.

Level
Example Indicator
Detection Limit
Participation
Participation, completion rates, and target audiences reached.
Indicates scope; does not demonstrate either proficiency or practical application.
Expertise
Joint review of application results based on agreed-upon quality and risk criteria.
Demonstrates proficiency in the specific use case under consideration; not necessarily in every work context.
Application / Transfer
The quality of concrete application results and feedback on actual application scenarios.
Frequency of use alone says little about quality and usefulness.
Business Impact
For example, processing time, rework, or error rate for a clearly defined task.
Other changes in the process affect the results. A training effect cannot be easily isolated.
AI Skills in the Workplace

Selecting the Right AI Training Solutions

We support companies with a variety of modules designed to build AI expertise. The key factor is your training objective: shared fundamentals, brief learning sessions, guided application, or leadership. You can determine which combination is right for you based on your target audiences and specific circumstances.

Teaching the Basics of AI Digitally

Content Collection · AI-powered e-learning courses

‍Forcompanies that want to teach AI and data skills through e-learning. The “Artificial Intelligence and Data” topic area includes content on ChatGPT, data-driven decisions, and decision-making with AI, among other topics. Select appropriate courses based on learning objectives and prior knowledge, and supplement them with your internal policies and specific use cases.

Refresh Your AI Knowledge in a Targeted Way

AI Kit · Microlearning

‍ForHR and teams that want to explore AI topics through short learning modules. The AI Kit covers topics such as data literacy, prompt engineering, and practical tips for using AI. Microlearning modules can effectively complement individual learning paths. Tailor your selection and implementation to your target audiences.

Deepen Your Understanding of AI Applications in a Team Setting

In-house training

‍Forteams that want to deepen their understanding of AI applications through direct interaction. Content and practical examples can be tailored to the tools, processes, and application scenarios used. Depending on your needs, in-person, live online, or blended learning options are available. Define your goals, prior knowledge, and context to develop a training program that meets your needs.

Shaping Leadership with AI

AI Leadership Program

‍Forexecutives who want to use AI thoughtfully, provide guidance to their teams, and shape human-AI collaboration responsibly. The program covers six areas of AI leadership competency. Modules can be taken individually or combined into a learning journey and tailored to the target audience, maturity level, and organizational context. The specific combination of modules will be determined based on specific needs.

Supporting the Responsible Use of AI

Compliance College

‍Forcompanies that want to promote the responsible use of AI through digital learning resources. In the IT Security section, you’ll find content on the EU AI Act, its application in marketing and human resources, and how to use AI tools. Supplement this content with your internal policies and the requirements of specific systems.

Further contents

Deepen Your Knowledge for the Next Steps

Whitepaper

Start Your AI Learning Journey

Would you like to develop a structured AI learning journey from individual learning opportunities? This white paper outlines a five-step process—from the starting point to long-term implementation. It provides guidance on engaging different target groups and planning progress. Use it to gain a deeper understanding of your training planning.

FAQ


's Frequently Asked Questions on Building AI Skills

These answers will help you with your planning. Be sure to consult with your departments and the relevant personnel when making your selection.

What AI skills do all employees need?

Establish a common foundation for the relevant target groups: understand AI, recognize its limitations, be familiar with internal rules, and verify results. The depth of training depends on the task, the system, and the risk. A one-size-fits-all course for the entire workforce is not necessarily the right solution.

How do we take different levels of prior knowledge into account when developing AI skills?

Combine a brief self-assessment with a group exercise to explore a relevant use case. This will highlight strengths, questions, and areas for growth. Experienced participants can delve deeper into specific topics, while newcomers will learn the basics. Later, discuss what works best in similar situations and what additional support would be helpful.

Is a certified AI course required for Article 4?

No. According to the current regulatory classification, Article 4 does not require external certification or a standardized training format. Measures should be tailored to the operational context and the relevant individuals. The Federal Network Agency recommends documenting the measures implemented. Additional requirements for specific AI systems must be reviewed separately.

How do AI training programs fit in with our tools and licenses?

Before making your selection, clarify which tools, versions, and features are approved. Check whether the learning content and use cases are a good fit and what access permissions are required. With AI-In-house training , content and practical scenarios can be tailored to the tools you use and your specific application scenarios.

Can AI learning content be made available in the existing LMS ?

Yes, our digital learning content can generally be integrated into an existing LMS . We’ll tailor the appropriate integration to the offering and your learning environment. However, you don’t need your own LMS: e-learning courses are also accessible through the Haufe Akademie learning environment.

Your Training Needs

Planning the Next Step Together

Would you like to build AI skills in your company in a targeted manner or further develop existing programs? Please describe your goals and circumstances to us. Information about target audiences, prior knowledge, tools used, and the timeframe will help us assess your needs. Together, we’ll determine which training modules are relevant to your plans.

Anne Müller & Lena Kaster

and her team will be happy to advise you on our portfolio of services for building AI expertise within your company